Here's what I'm working on for school- these are my field notes from the last few days in Cambodia. The school work post has to be a little longer than my other posts because that's how the universe works- hope you enjoy
I am now in Siem Reap, Cambodia. The standard Thai tourist visa only lasts 30 days, so I took a train to the border town to come into Cambodia a few days before my visa was up. If I return to Thailand by air, I get a 30 day visa extension, so I'll head back into the country mid February, so that I can stay there until I fly back to the states mid March.
My Cambodian food experience has been much different than the food experience in Thailand. In Thailand I had a hard time finding food that I felt had been prepared by a careful cook, who was skilled in their craft.
In Cambodia, I've found multiple small, family run restaurants that are very, very good.
There is a restaurant just around the corner from the hostel that I'm staying at and the food is phenomenal. The mother and her eldest daughter stand behind two woks and do all of the cooking. The children wait on the tables and hang out at the back of the restaurant. They are some of the sweetest people I've met... I met them all last night and as I left the restaurant we were all waving goodbye, not just the family who ran the restaurant, but all the other guests, who were a mix of foreign and local.
I picked up a bit of Khmer from one of the children, and the connection that they feel to new friends, especially such a stranger like me has been astounding. If you ask them how to say certain words, or tell them the food is delicious, their faces light up and they have the brightest enthusiasm, and want to make new friends in a way that I've never experienced in the west. Especially the children, are so quick and eager to make friends. I’ve had kisses blown at me and been given the biggest smiles in response to a wave or smile. Not only has it been touching, it's made me realize that there is a universal response to friendliness, or smiles, or affection.
The Khmer food is very similar to Thai food. Amok is a traditional dish, made with fish. It tastes like a Thai green curry, but is thicker, with more vegetables. I adore Amok. When I’ve had cravings for curry, Amok is exactly the dish that satisfies that, but I've never had the dish before two days ago.
I realize now that food discovery, and the search for “the best food” is all chance and circumstance. As a single ethnographer, I'd have to spend multiple lifetimes to understand the variation in food preparation that occurs across this city alone, let alone the whole country...
I thought I'd have a grasp on what the general trends were in food preparation…. That I'd somehow be able to “summarize” the food here. That my experience alone would be an approximate guide to other people visiting the area… Now I realize I'll be able to record very, very little…. All I can do is write an interpretation of the food experience that I had… Which is so, so small when compared to the scale of how much there is to record of it.
Another thing that I was afraid of was getting stuck in what I saw as the “wrong” culture group… As a young female traveler, it's easiest to stay at hostels or shared dorms. This way you can meet people of approximately the same age group as yourself, jump from city to city without doing advance planning, and have help with logistics from the hostel staff… Tours, transportation etc. I was worried that by putting myself in this sort of accommodation,I'd wind up spending all my time with people who I see as more culturally similar to me than the people that I actually wanted to be learning about… I couldn't have been more wrong about the type of connections I'd find through the hostels. I’ve met other travelers in the hostel that I'm staying at here in Siem Reap, who've introduced me to local friends that they’ve made. I've gotten to know locals simply because I spent time with westerners… Which I never would have assumed would be the way I'd get to know local people. I thought I would need to work on a farm or teach English somewhere far less touristed to make connections with a local… I never thought I'd make such connections right where I am. I would still like to spend some time in a school or on a farm before my trip is up, but I'm highly appreciative of the view that I've gotten from this perspective.
I've had lots of small conversations with locals and travelers alike that have been extremely informative, but I previously held the opinion that my research would be done in the form of very formalized interviews and one-on-one interaction, but most of what I've learned so far has been little tidbits that I’ve picked up during brief encounters. I thought I'd be writing out detailed questions and going in depth about one topic with somebody… But like any conversation, it is impossible to formulate it ahead of time. I cannot “interview” somebody in the way that I thought I could. I thought I could gather formalized answers to very specific questions… This has been almost impossible due to language barriers, and in some ways, it was ridiculously hard for me to overcome some sort of ego barrier on “setting up an interview” with somebody. I feel perfectly comfortable doing this in the US…. Asking somebody, “may I interview you?” And knowing that they feel comfortable setting up a large amount of time to discuss one specific topic… but since I’ve been here, I haven't wanted to make myself stand out to that extent. I don't want to be the westerner that doesn't have enough grasp of the language to really understand somebody, and to present questions that come from a “what I think is relevant” point of view… also, pretty much all my interview questions simply DON’T WORK because of language barriers. I spent hours at the Amphawa floating market (outside of Bangkok) trying to find somebody who could tell me whether there was another market where the vendors gathered their raw ingredients… Nobody understood me at all…. Eventually I met a woman with amazing English because she wanted to show me the tapioca drink she was a selling… The conversation I had with her was the most informative talk I'd had all day (there WAS another market where the vendors bought their raw ingredients, it happened in the morning before the amphawa floating market, and to get there, the vendors row their boats to the market, because the whole area is on a lake)… But it was chance encounter, and not formalized interview, that led me to her.
On a side note- I did have a lot of fun giggling with the people I tried to pose my questions to who didn't understand English. I think they thought it was funny that I was trying to talk about things they didn't typically talk about in English.. Most of the Thai speak perfectly about the product that they sell, the price, and the basic things that tourists talk about… They couldn't understand my questions because they weren't what they were used to… I thought it was funny that I hadn't thought to learn the words in Thai ahead of time, and have them write responses to be interpreted later… I was 90 kilometers away from Bangkok and didn't have a source of reliable wifi… I'd been so used to the people of Bangkok, who would mostly be able to answer my questions with ease… I thought it was funny that I'd just assumed I could talk to everybody in English and hadn't put advanced planning into the translation issue… now that I'm in Cambodia, I'm working a lot harder at picking up the language to avoid this issue
What took a while for me to understand, was that I won't be able to conduct my research EXACTLY how I thought I was going to be able to… I've adapted the ways in which I'm gathering information… But I've had so many periods in which all I could think was “I have no idea what I'm doing.” I think that the goal of anthropology is to be so fully immersed in an experience, that you cannot possibly set a goal or a standard for it…. What has been difficult for me to grasp is that everything I do, in this experience, IS my research… I cannot write out a plan for “how to understand what I WILL be doing,” all I can do is DO what I'm doing, and record it. After recording everything I've done, I will have to tackle the issue of interpreting what I did… Or merely presenting it in a coherent way. This has been so hard for me to grasp. I’ve started writing blog posts… Because it feels like I'm writing for my future self to remember what I was thinking at the time… Similar to journaling, but in a format that I hope will also be interesting, funny, or informative for others…. This blog has helped me record things I'm thinking about without trying to adjust them first… Which is what I think I NEED to be able to do in all my field notes, but learning how to do this has been a very difficult process.
I'm good at talking to people, I love conversation.... I've spent the last 3 days talking almost non-stop… My voice is hoarse and scratchy… But despite the ease with which I can hold these conversations, I find it so hard to write it down, to remember it for future use… Which is what I need to be able to do if I'm going to present my findings, or present any sort of research. I never realized how much help I'd need on this project. It think it is just now clicking in my mind, that what I'm learning is from OTHER people… Which sounds so obvious from the get-go…. But “ethnographic research” is unlike anything I've experienced, because I can't JUST read a book, or summarize or interpret some information… I HAVE to get my information from other people. I felt so, so stuck in my research… fellow travelers have helped me understand that I just need to write down everything… Everything I'm experiencing about my expectations and my feeling of not knowing WHAT to do… And write about what is ACTUALLY happening.
What is actually happening is that I'm eating at restaurants that all the tourists eat at… And this is because this ENTIRE city is built for tourism. Siem Reap has sprung up in response to the worlds interest in Angkor Wat. Millions of people from all over the world come here to admire temple ruins, and Siem Reap (as it is today) is the city that was built to accommodate them. I can't conduct ethnographic research on what Siem Reap used to be… Authenticity is NOT history (although history no doubt plays a large role in it) authenticity is what is now.
What is now, is a city built around tourism. The Chinese, the Europeans, the Americans, the Australians, all are mixed in this teeming city of Cambodian culture …. A culture which CANNOT be defined, without defining the tourism culture. Tourism, in a way, IS the culture…. This realization is so far from what I expected to study…. THAT has been the hardest part for me to accept. When I work on my final project, and put all my findings in essay format… I won't be presenting a study of 100% Cambodian people… I won't be presenting a study of what westerners probably think is “Cambodian” (what I thought is Cambodian)… I'll be presenting a study of a food industry that exists because of tourism, to serve not just a Cambodian palate, not even a western palate, but Chinese, middle Eastern, Indian… food production that IS alive and here to serve the purpose of serving tourism.
What I expected to be doing was meeting people who had loads to talk about their food, their culture, and their special connection to the food of their culture. It's not that I haven't found that in the people here, per say, but they have a lot less to say about it than I'd thought they would. I thought everything would be a conversation about how one specific food was different from another, which one is best, how it's been around forever, how there is one way of cooking it that has been around forever etc. etc.
In Thailand, I did find that there is “one way of cooking” for the most part, every common dish is prepared in exactly the same way, with exactly the same ingredients…. But they're not the ingredients I thought they'd be. Or perhaps they're just not as healthy as I thought they would be (almost every dish is made with a tablespoon of cane sugar, or more), or locally sourced.
I’ve held the misconception that American food is the only food that is defined by globalization and world food trade. I wanted to believe that in the developing world, there is a stronger local food system, that restaurants work directly with farmers for all of their supplies etc. this is true to a certain extent of course. Many spices and base ingredients are grown in SE Asia and not imported… But a large part of the food has also been influenced by western globalization…
Snack foods and soft drinks are sold almost exactly the same as they’re sold in the US, and are the easiest food to buy because they're found everywhere. Street food is also easy to find, but the street food is not what I wanted to believe was “authentic” Thai. The street food is fried chicken, gyros, hot dogs… So many things that I thought I'd only find in large restaurant chains… There is also street food that one would typically think of as “ethnic” food. Crispy dried bugs, boiled quail eggs, fresh local fruits like durian and dragonfruit…
Cambodian street food is very similar... Almost exactly the same, except it's harder to find Pad Thai or stir fried noodles… There's more variety in the Cambodian noodles. It is impossible though for me to draw a line between Cambodian and Thai food, because all I have to base off of is the restaurants that I’VE seen and the dishes that I’VE tried… And that's a very limited resource. I have asked other travelers what foods they’ve run into… And I like to find out what dishes are everyone's favorites whenever I have a conversation, whether it's with my tuk tuk driver or hostel roommate…. In Cambodia, amok is the clear winner… But maybe I'm a little biased because the amok I had last night was the best food I've had in weeks.